Mulethi in Urdu (ملٹھی) licorice paude ki sookhi hui, qudrati taur par meethi jar hai. Angrezi mein ise licorice ya liquorice root kehte hain aur iska scientific naam Glycyrrhiza glabra hai. Pakistan ke bohat se gharon mein sardiyon ki khansi aur tezabiyat ke liye mulethi ki lakriyan rakhi jati hain, aur hakeem sahiban ise Unani naam “asl-us-soos” se tajweez karte hain. Is article mein hum mulethi ke fayde, mulethi ka istemal aur iske nuqsanat research ki roshni mein samjhenge.
Mukhtasar jawab: Mulethi ko English mein licorice root kehte hain. Iske sab se aham fayde yeh hain:
- badhazmi aur tezabiyat mein araam
- H. pylori bacteria mein kami
- gale ki kharash mein sukoon
- jigar ke barhe hue enzymes mein kami
Lekin zyada miqdaar mein roz lene se blood pressure barh sakta hai aur potassium kam ho sakta hai.
Table of Contents
Mulethi Kya Hai? (ملٹھی کیا ہے؟)
Paudha aur shakal. Mulethi Glycyrrhiza glabra naami jhaari ki jar aur zameen ke andar phailne wali shakhen hain. Yeh paudha matar ke khandan (Fabaceae) se hai. Paudha ek se do meter lamba hota hai, iske patte parr jaise aur phool halke jamni hote hain, magar dawa ke taur par sirf jar istemal hoti hai. Pansar ki dukaan par milne wali sookhi mulethi bahar se bhoori aur lakri jaisi, aur torne par andar se chamakdar peeli hoti hai. Yeh paudha junoobi Europe aur maghribi wa wasti Asia ka maqami hai.
Naam ki asal. Iska botanical naam Unani alfaaz “glykys” (meetha) aur “rhiza” (jar) se bana hai. Sanskrit naam “yashtimadhu” ka matlab hai “meethi lakri”.
Mulethi ki taseer. Unani kutub mein aam taur par mulethi ki taseer garm-tar likhi gayi hai, aur kuch hakeem ise motadil mante hain. Ayurveda mein iska zaiqa meetha aur asar thanda mana jata hai, aur ise vata aur pitta ko pursukoon karne ke liye diya jata hai. Isi do-tarfa shohrat ki wajah se mulethi sardiyon ki khushk khansi aur garmiyon ki tezabiyat dono mein di jati hai.
Aqsaam. Licorice ki teen aqsaam bikti hain:
- G. glabra: Unani aur Ayurveda ki asal mulethi
- G. uralensis: Chini “gancao”
- G. inflata
Ek khaas tayyar shuda qism DGL (deglycyrrhizinated licorice) hai, jis mein se zyada tar glycyrrhizin nikal diya jata hai. Isliye lambe arse tak mede ke liye istemal mein yeh zyada mehfooz hai.
Mulethi ki Ghizai Qeemat
Mulethi vitamins ya minerals ke liye nahi khayi jati, kyunke dawa ki chand gram miqdaar mein ghizaiyat bohat kam hoti hai. Iski asal taqat teen qism ke faal mawad mein hai:
- Triterpene saponins: Sab se aham glycyrrhizin (glycyrrhizic acid) hai, jo jar ko cheeni se kai guna zyada mithaas deta hai. Aanton ke bacteria ise glycyrrhetinic acid mein badal dete hain. Yahi acid 11β-HSD2 enzyme ko rokta hai, aur isi wajah se mulethi soozish bhi kam karti hai aur blood pressure bhi barha sakti hai.
- Flavonoids: Liquiritin, liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin, glabridin, glabrene aur licochalcone A. Yeh antioxidant hain, germs ko rokte hain, rangat banane wale enzyme ko kam karte hain, aur in mein halke qudrati estrogen bhi shamil hain.
- Doosre mawad: Amorfrutins, coumarins aur polysaccharides. Polysaccharides gale par narm, sukoon dene wali tah banate hain.
Mulethi Benefits (Fayde) in Urdu
1. Kya Mulethi Tezabiyat, Badhazmi aur Ulcer mein Mufeed Hai? (معدے کی تیزابیت اور السر)
Mulethi ke fayde mein sab se zyada research mede par hui hai. Antacid sirf tezab ko khatam karta hai, jabke licorice ke flavonoids mukhtalif tareeqe se kaam karte hain: yeh mede ki apni hifazati tah aur mucus ko mazboot karte hain aur andaruni jhilli ki marammat mein madad dete hain. Glabridin aur doosre flavonoids Helicobacter pylori bacteria ke khilaf bhi kaam karte hain, jo aksar ulcer ki wajah banta hai.
Tezabiyat ke liye mulethi khane se pehle li ja sakti hai, khaas taur par DGL ki shakal mein.
2. Kya Mulethi Gale ki Kharash aur Khansi ke Liye Achi Hai? (گلے کی خراش اور کھانسی)
Mulethi gale par do tarah kaam karti hai:
- Hifazati tah: Iske polysaccharides aur glycyrrhizin chhile hue gale par narm aur geeli tah bana dete hain.
- Soozish mein kami: Glycyrrhetinic acid jism ke apne cortisol ka asar lamba karta hai, jis se sojan kam hoti hai.
3. Kya Mulethi Jigar ki Hifazat Karti Hai? (جگر کی حفاظت)
Glycyrrhizin jigar ke khaliyon ki soozish aur unki jhilli ke oxidative nuqsan ko kam karta hai. China aur Japan mein khalis glycyrrhizin kai dahaiyon se purane hepatitis mein istemal ho raha hai.
4. Kya Mulethi Cholesterol Kam Karti Hai aur Dil ke Liye Achi Hai? (کولیسٹرول اور دل)
Mulethi cholesterol ke liye kaise kaam karti hai? Rag mein plaque sirf LDL cholesterol se nahi banta. Yeh tab banta hai jab LDL oxidise ho jaye aur rag ki deewar ke defence khaliye use nigal lein. Glabridin ek taqatwar antioxidant hai jo LDL ko is oxidation se bachata hai.
5. Kya Mulethi Sugar Control Karne mein Madad Karti Hai? (شوگر میں ملٹھی)
Mulethi sugar ki bimari mein kaisi hai? Mulethi ki jar mein amorfrutins naami mawad hain jo PPAR-gamma ko jod kar on karte hain. Yeh wahi khaliyon ka “switch” hai jis par sugar ki dawa pioglitazone kaam karti hai.
“Mulethi ki chai peene ya mulethi khane se diabetes ka ilaj nahi hota.” — Sascha Sauer, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics (ScienceDaily, 2012; tarjuma)
Isliye sugar ki dawa hargiz band na karein.
6. Kya Mulethi Jild aur Jhaaiyon ke Liye Achi Hai? (جلد اور جھائیوں کے لیے)
Mulethi jild ke liye kaise faidemand hai? Jild ka rang melanin se banta hai, jise tyrosinase enzyme banata hai. Glabridin is enzyme ko rokta hai.
Ghar ke face pack ka asar halka aur aahista hota hai, isliye kuch hafte baqaidagi se istemal karein.
Baal: Mulethi baalon ke liye desi roghan mein siker aur sar ki khujli ke liye riwayati taur par dali jati hai.
7. Kya Mulethi Yaadasht Behtar Karti Hai? (دماغ اور یادداشت)
Yaadasht ka ek bara hissa acetylcholine par mabni hai, jo dimagh ka ek paigham-rasan mawad hai aur jise cholinesterase enzyme khatam karta hai. Alzheimer ki dawayein, jaise donepezil, isi enzyme ko rokti hain.
8. Kya Mulethi Menopause mein Khawateen ki Madad Karti Hai?
Liquiritigenin aur doosre isoflavones halke qudrati estrogen ki tarah kaam karte hain. Lab ki research mein liquiritigenin estrogen receptor-beta ko khaas taur par on karta hai. Is liye menopause ke baad estrogen kam hone ki alamaat mein madad mil sakti hai.
Mardon ke liye: Awaami daawon ke bar-aks, mulethi mardana taqat ki dawa nahi hai. Yeh testosterone kam kar sakti hai (nuqsanat wala hissa dekhein).
Mulethi ka Istemal: Mulethi Kaise Istemal Karein
Pisa hua powder lene ke bajaye sabut mulethi ki lakri kharidein. Usmein milawat mushkil hoti hai, aur aap andar ka chamakdar peela rang dekh kar pehchaan sakte hain. Lahore ki Akbari Mandi, Karachi ki Empress Market ya Rawalpindi ke Raja Bazaar ke pansar se sabut mulethi lein, ghar par thori thori pees kar band dabbe mein rakhein.
Mulethi ka istemal lagataar 4 se 6 hafte se zyada na karein, phir waqfa dein. Rozana 3 gram se zyada jar na lein.
| Maqsad | Tayyari ka Tareeqa | Miqdaar / Kitni Baar |
|---|---|---|
| Gale ki kharash | ½ chamach (taqreeban 1–1.5 gram) mulethi powder neem garam paani mein ghol kar gargle karein | Din mein 2–3 baar, 5 din tak |
| Sardiyon ki khushk khansi | ½ chamach powder 1 chamach shehad mein mila kar aahista chatein, ya lakri ka chhota tukra chabayein | Din mein 2 baar, 7 din tak; 1 saal se chhote bache ko shehad na dein |
| Tezabiyat aur badhazmi | DGL chabane wali goli, ya mulethi ki chai: 1 chhoti lakri (taqreeban 2 gram) ek cup paani mein 5–7 minute pakayein | DGL: label ke mutabiq, khane se 20 minute pehle. Chai: din mein 1 baar |
| Ramzan mein tezabiyat | Iftar ke baad halki mulethi ki chai; sehri mein khali pait na lein | Ramzan mein din mein 1 baar; high BP ho to na lein |
| Jhaaiyan aur daagh | Face pack: 1 chamach powder + arq-e-gulab ya saada dahi | 15 minute lagayein, hafte mein 2–3 baar; pehle thori jagah par test karein |
| Awaz ki thakan (ustad, muqarrir) | Bolne se pehle lakri ka patla tukra chabayein | Kabhi kabhar; lambe arse tak roz nahi |
| Jigar, cholesterol ya menopause | Sirf standardised capsule extract | Sirf doctor ya mustanad hakeem ke mashware se |
Mausam ke mutabiq: Sardiyon mein mulethi khansi ke liye sab se zyada istemal hoti hai. Garmiyon mein iski thandi taseer ki wajah se halki chai garmi se hone wali tezabiyat mein di jati hai. Bohat namkeen khane ke saath mulethi na lein, kyunke dono BP barhate hain.
Mulethi ke Nuqsanat aur Ehtiyati Tadabeer
Mulethi ke zyada tar nuqsanat glycyrrhizin se hain. Aam halat mein gurde ka 11β-HSD2 enzyme cortisol ko ghair-faal karta hai. Jab glycyrrhetinic acid is enzyme ko rok deta hai to cortisol namak rokne wale hormone aldosterone ki tarah kaam karne lagta hai. Jism namak aur paani jama karne lagta hai aur potassium nikal deta hai. Doctor isay pseudoaldosteronism kehte hain.
WHO aur Europe ke food safety idaron ke mutabiq rozana 100 mg tak glycyrrhizin aksar baligh logon ke liye nuqsan deh nahi. Research ke mutabiq chhe hafte se zyada rozana taqreeban 3 gram se zyada jar lene se yeh asraat ho sakte hain.
Mulethi side effects in Urdu:
- High BP aur kam potassium. Alamaat: sojan, sar dard, pathon mein kamzori aur khinchao. BP, dil aur gurde ke mareez sab se zyada khatre mein hain; khawateen aur buzurg zyada hassas hote hain. New England Journal of Medicine (2020) mein ek aise shakhs ka case shaya hua jo kai hafte rozana bari miqdaar mein black licorice khane ke baad dil ruk jane se faut ho gaya.
- Mulethi hamal mein. Glycyrrhizin maa ke cortisol ke khilaf placenta ki hifazati deewar ko kamzor karta hai. American Journal of Epidemiology (2017) ki Finland ki research mein hamal ke dauran zyada licorice khane ka taluq bachon ke kam IQ aur jaldi balooghat se paya gaya. Researchers ka natija tha: “Lagta hai ke hamal ke dauran koi bhi miqdaar mehfooz nahi.” — Räikkönen et al., University of Helsinki (FoodNavigator, 2017; tarjuma)
- Doodh pilane wali maayen aur bache. Hifazat ka data kam hai. Doodh pilane ke dauran dawa ki miqdaar mein mulethi se parhez karein. Bachon ko sirf thori aur kabhi kabhar dein, roz nahi.
- Dawaon ke saath asar. Mulethi in dawaon ke saath na lein:
- peshaab awar dawa (jaise hydrochlorothiazide ya furosemide), kyunke potassium aur zyada kam hota hai
- digoxin, kyunke kam potassium se iska zehrila asar barhta hai
- steroid (jaise prednisolone), kyunke mulethi inka asar barha deti hai
- BP ki dawayein, kyunke mulethi inke khilaf kaam karti hai
- warfarin
- Mardon mein kam testosterone. Glycyrrhetinic acid testosterone banne ke amal mein rukawat dalta hai. New England Journal of Medicine (1999) ki ek chhoti research mein roz licorice khane wale mardon mein testosterone kam paya gaya.
- Zyada miqdaar (overdose). Achanak kamzori, dil ki tez ya be-tarteeb dharkan ho to foran mulethi chhor kar doctor se rabta karein.
DGL mein glycyrrhizin nikal diya jata hai, isliye is se yeh zyada tar masail nahi hote.
Mashwara di gayi miqdaar mein mulethi aksar sehatmand baligh afraad ke liye mehfooz samjhi jati hai.
“Black licorice thori miqdaar mein khana bilkul mehfooz hai.” — Dr. Diane Calello, New Jersey Poison Control Center, Rutgers (2020; tarjuma)
Khulasa (خلاصہ)
Mulethi in Urdu riwayat mein gale aur mede ka gharelu nuskha hai, aur jadeed research is shohrat ki tasdeeq karti hai. Mulethi ke fayde badhazmi, H. pylori, gale ki kharash, fatty liver ke enzymes aur menopause ke hot flashes mein dekhe gaye hain, saath hi cholesterol, jild ki rangat, sugar aur yaadasht par bhi iske asraat samne aaye hain. Glycyrrhizin ki wajah se miqdaar aur muddat bohat aham hai. Isliye mulethi ka istemal mukhtasar arse ke liye karein, lambe arse ke liye DGL ko tarjeeh dein, aur kisi bhi dawa ke saath lene se pehle mustanad doctor ya hakeem se mashwara zaroor karein.
Disclaimer: Yeh maloomat sirf taleemi maqsad ke liye hain. Mulethi ko ilaj ke taur par istemal karne se pehle hamesha PMDC se tasdeeq shuda doctor ya mustanad hakeem se mashwara karein.
